Actually, I wouldn't say it's their literacy or failure to grasp that people are different, because these people ARE educated. They have a functional society with arts, education, and high culture. Not to mention a military engaged in international warfare, which takes at least a bit of a large world-view. It's insulting to imply otherwise, and trivializes their suffering.

I wouldn't even say that they only see one way and tolerate no deviation -- that seems colonialist at best.

I would say that it's the mob-response of people and a society that has been pushed to its breaking point by unwaivering rhetoric (from both sides) and violence (again from both sides) and as a result, they feel they have no other way to be heard.

For some reason, the world listens when you scream about religion. It cares a lot less when you scream about justice, famine, lack of social equality, secret prisons and pervasive fear, or just about anything else that isn't religion.